The Sovereign was made from gold of varying weight and purity over the years, until the Great Recoinage Law of 1816 when the gold content was fixed to 7.322 grams, at which it currently remains.
A Sovereign coin represented One Pound or 20 Shillings or 240 Pennies in the old currency.
Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_British_Sovereign_coin#ixzz1nNJBlGn6
So what would a pound buy in 1816
He held up a one pound coin. "This piece of brass," he said in a voice eerily reminiscent of Marlon Brando's Don Corleone, "is one of your pounds. The famous pound. The backbone of your great empire."
Then, in his other hand he held up another coin, a gold sovereign. "A hundred years ago this was your pound 7.32 grammes of pure gold."
Gesturing with the brass, he said: "It took me 235 of these," - he motioned with the sovereign - "to buy one of these".
In other words, the purchasing power of the pound has fallen by 235 times in a hundred years.
Source:
That's the fiat currency story. But in real terms,:
http://www.victorianweb.org/economics/wages2.html
Cost of Living for a typical, rising professional man with a 700 annual income (early 1900s)
Rent and Taxes 100
Two maids 42
Food & Cleaning materials For 4 people 104
Washing 26
Coal 1 ton/month 12
Electric Light 18
Wine 10
Office expenses
Trainfair and lunches 30
Insurance 25
Dress x2 80
Savings 50
TOTAL 487
Source: Bowley
700 sovereigns would be about $280,000 per year today at gold value
Quite wealthy
Cost of Living for a senior Clerk 1844
(pounds/shillings/pence)
Rent 25/0/0
Taxes 5/0/0
Maid 7/0/0
Coal 5 tons 6/5/0
Candles and Wood 2/0/0
Tea 7/16/6
Sugar 6/14/2
Butter & Eggs 9/12/0
Meat 18/6/0
Fish 2/0/0
Vegetables 5/0/0
Beer 6/10/0
Washing woman soap and her meals 6/13/0
Ironing and mangling 1/0/0
Clothing 23/6/0
Church and charity 3/10/0
Doctor 5/0/0
Misc. 1/8/0
Amusements 1/19/4
Savings 6/0/0
Total 150/0/0
150 sovereigns would be about $60,00o per year.
Making a definitive statement about the cost of living in Victorian England is difficult, particularly in the last half of the century, because the economy went through a long period of growth, followed by slumps at the end of the nineteenth century. A worker in 1870 might make 150% what a worker in 1850 made, but because different prices had increased at different rates, the actual buying power of the wages increased only moderately. At the end of the century, prices fell greatly, more rapidly than wages, so that despite a lower wage, the workers buying power actually increased.
Wages generally:
Wages
1. According to Porter (176), in the mid-1860s workers in London received the following wages for a 10-hour day and six-day week:
common laborers 3s. 9d.
excavators wearing their own "long water boots" 4s. 6d.
bricklayers, carpenters, masons, smiths 6s. 6d.
engineers 7/6 (= 110 pounds/year)
2. These wages reflect weekly pay in the mid- to late '60s (various sources listed below)
Mail Coach Guard ... 10/0 + tips
Female telegraph clerk ... 8/0
London artisans ... 36/0
London laborers ... 20/0
Farm hands ... 14/0
Sailors ... 15/0
Seaman on steamers ... 16/4
3. In better paid positions, particularly the professions, salaries were indicated in annual amounts. Two positions for which information is available are:
Army Cornet ... 200/0/0
Indian Civil Service officer ... 300/0/0
12 pence to a shilling, 20 shillings to a sovereign
Anyone like to comment or discuss?